CDC Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax, 2023.
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Clinical Guidelines
Authored By
Bower WA, Yu Y, Person MK, Parker CM, Kennedy JL, Sue D, Hesse EM, Cook R, Bradley J, Bulitta JB, Karchmer AW, Ward RM, Cato SG, Stephens KC, Hendricks KA
Authored On
Interests
Infectious Disease & Vaccines
Internal/Family Medicine
Speciality
Infectious Disease & Vaccines
Internal/Family Medicine
Book Detail
volume
72
ISSN
1545-8601
No. of pages
47
Publication Date
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["Bower WA, Yu Y, Person MK, Parker CM, Kennedy JL, Sue D, Hesse EM, Cook R, Bradley J, Bulitta JB, Karchmer AW, Ward RM, Cato SG, Stephens KC, Hendricks KA","Publisher: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Epidemiology Program Office Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101124922 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1545-8601 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10575987 NLM ISO Abbreviation: MMWR Recomm Rep Subsets: MEDLINE","Journal Article","2023-11-17","MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports [MMWR Recomm Rep] 2023 Nov 17; Vol. 72 (6), pp. 1-47. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 17.","English","1545-8601","Anthrax*\/diagnosis , Anthrax*\/drug therapy , Anthrax*\/prevention & control , Anthrax Vaccines*\/therapeutic use , Anthrax Vaccines*\/adverse effects , Bacillus anthracis* , Anti-Infective Agents*\/therapeutic use , Antitoxins*\/pharmacology , Antitoxins*\/therapeutic use , Meningitis*\/chemically induced , Meningitis*\/drug therapy, Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Child ; Pregnancy ; United States\/epidemiology ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; Aerosols\/pharmacology ; Aerosols\/therapeutic use","Adult, Humans, Female, Child, Pregnancy, United States epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Aerosols pharmacology, Aerosols therapeutic use, Anthrax diagnosis, Anthrax drug therapy, Anthrax prevention & control, Anthrax Vaccines therapeutic use, Anthrax Vaccines adverse effects, Bacillus anthracis, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Antitoxins pharmacology, Antitoxins therapeutic use, Meningitis chemically induced, Meningitis drug therapy","MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports","72"]
Description
This Report Updates Previous Cdc Guidelines and Recommendations on Preferred Prevention and Treatment Regimens Regarding Naturally Occurring Anthrax. Also Provided Are a Wide Range of Alternative Regimens to First-Line Antimicrobial Drugs for Use If Patients Have Contraindications or Intolerances or After a Wide-Area Aerosol Release of: Bacillus anthracis spores if resources become limited or a multidrug-resistant B. anthracis strain is used (Hendricks KA, Wright ME, Shadomy SV, et al.; Workgroup on Anthrax Clinical Guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expert panel meetings on prevention and treatment of anthrax in adults. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20:e130687; Meaney-Delman D, Rasmussen SA, Beigi RH, et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:885-900; Bradley JS, Peacock G, Krug SE, et al. Pediatric anthrax clinical management. Pediatrics 2014;133:e1411-36). Specifically, this report updates antimicrobial drug and antitoxin use for both postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment from these previous guidelines best practices and is based on systematic reviews of the literature regarding 1) in vitro antimicrobial drug activity against B. anthracis; 2) in vivo antimicrobial drug efficacy for PEP and treatment; 3) in vivo and human antitoxin efficacy for PEP, treatment, or both; and 4) human survival after antimicrobial drug PEP and treatment of localized anthrax, systemic anthrax, and anthrax meningitis.<br />Changes From Previous Cdc Guidelines and Recommendations Include an Expanded List of Alternative Antimicrobial Drugs to Use When First-Line Antimicrobial Drugs Are Contraindicated or Not Tolerated or After a Bioterrorism Event When First-Line Antimicrobial Drugs Are Depleted or Ineffective Against a Genetically Engineered Resistant: B. anthracis strain. In addition, these updated guidelines include new recommendations regarding special considerations for the diagnosis and treatment of anthrax meningitis, including comorbid, social, and clinical predictors of anthrax meningitis. The previously published CDC guidelines and recommendations described potentially beneficial critical care measures and clinical assessment tools and procedures for persons with anthrax, which have not changed and are not addressed in this update. In addition, no changes were made to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for use of anthrax vaccine (Bower WA, Schiffer J, Atmar RL, et al. Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2019. MMWR Recomm Rep 2019;68[No. RR-4]:1-14). The updated guidelines in this report can be used by health care providers to prevent and treat anthrax and guide emergency preparedness officials and planners as they develop and update plans for a wide-area aerosol release of B. anthracis.
