Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Botulism, 2021.

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Clinical Guidelines
Authored By
Rao AK, Sobel J, Chatham-Stephens K, Luquez C
Authored On
Interests
Infectious Disease & Vaccines
Speciality
Infectious Disease & Vaccines
Book Detail
volume
70
ISSN
1545-8601
No. of pages
30
Publication Date
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ISSN
1545-8601 ; Electronic
IS_Ebsco
true
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Additional Info
["Rao AK, Sobel J, Chatham-Stephens K, Luquez C","Publisher: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Epidemiology Program Office Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101124922 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1545-8601 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10575987 NLM ISO Abbreviation: MMWR Recomm Rep Subsets: MEDLINE","Journal Article; Practice Guideline","2021-05-07","MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports [MMWR Recomm Rep] 2021 May 07; Vol. 70 (2), pp. 1-30. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 07.","English","1545-8601","Botulism\/*diagnosis , Botulism\/*therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; United States","Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, United States, Botulism diagnosis, Botulism therapy","MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports","70"]
Description
Botulism is a rare, neurotoxin-mediated, life-threatening disease characterized by flaccid descending paralysis that begins with cranial nerve palsies and might progress to extremity weakness and respiratory failure. Botulinum neurotoxin, which inhibits acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, is produced by the anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium Clostridium botulinum and, rarely, by related species (C. baratii and C. butyricum). Exposure to the neurotoxin occurs through ingestion of toxin (foodborne botulism), bacterial colonization of a wound (wound botulism) or the intestines (infant botulism and adult intestinal colonization botulism), and high-concentration cosmetic or therapeutic injections of toxin (iatrogenic botulism). In addition, concerns have been raised about the possibility of a bioterrorism event involving toxin exposure through intentional contamination of food or drink or through aerosolization. Neurologic symptoms are similar regardless of exposure route. Treatment involves supportive care, intubation and mechanical ventilation when necessary, and administration of botulinum antitoxin. Certain neurological diseases (e.g., myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barré syndrome) have signs and symptoms that overlap with botulism. Before the publication of these guidelines, no comprehensive clinical care guidelines existed for treating botulism. These evidence-based guidelines provide health care providers with recommended best practices for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating single cases or outbreaks of foodborne, wound, and inhalational botulism and were developed after a multiyear process involving several systematic reviews and expert input.
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